Children and Our Special Care

     Vital to childhood development and growth, the brain controls all biological functions occurring in the human body. Countless messages exchanged between the brain and body carry out the blueprints that guide the transformation of a newborn child into a mature adult. Conveying this ongoing stream of information to its intended destination is the function of the spinal cord and an extensive network of branching nerves. Each message provides instructions to the child’s growing body to provide for immune function, coordination of muscle activity, repair and growth of tissues, respiration and digestion among others. This constant flow of information between the brain and body is vital to normal childhood development and growth.

     Protecting these delicate structures from injury is the bony casing of the skull and spinal vertebrae. As with adults, upper cervical (neck) alignment and motion may have significant effects on the ability of the nervous system to clearly transmit information to and from the body. But how do newborns and children develop spinal problems so early in life?

     It begins with the normal birthing process, which any mother will tell you is somewhat of a traumatic experience. Even during the gentlest of births, presentation of the baby’s head through the birth canal requires physical pressure exerted by the mother. This can force the baby’s neck to twist or bend causing locking of the upper cervical vertebrae. Often during the delivery, the practitioner will pull or twist the head to assist with the delivery and, in turn, may compound the problem (1). Breach births place the newborn at unique risk for developing upper cervical problems depending on the presentation and total time of labor. If the newborn makes it through the birthing process unaffected, the inevitable tumbles and falls of childhood increase the risk of injury to the upper cervical spine potentially compromising brain-body communication.

     What does this mean to a growing child through their formative years? As with adults, disturbances in neural communication may have wide variety of effects. Colic may be a signal that the neural regulation of digestion has been compromised (15-18). Torticollis, neck and back pain, headaches and many other pain syndromes are influenced by nervous system function as well (19-22). The range of possible conditions is broad as well as complex. Over time, problems left in childhood tend to become larger through adulthood. Consequently, the sooner these problems are found, the faster they can be corrected.

My Child is Frequently Sick - Is This Normal?

     Contrary to what many believe, it is not normal for a child to be frequently "catching" colds, flus, sinus, or ear infections. Every child, as well as adult, possesses the inherent immunity to fight and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other disease causing organisms. With germs surrounding us in our environment daily, every human being on the planet would be sick if not for this important ability. Hospital staff would be chronically ill due to their constant exposure to a high concentration of a multitude of organisms. To answer why children become frequently ill, we must first ask what might be compromising their immunity.

Boy getting a scan

     Because of its discovered integration with the nervous system, the immune system is now being called the neuroimmune system by many experts in this field. This means that a change in normal nervous system function may have a direct bearing on immune function as well. This may result in the child who is susceptible to illness.

     Through our unique form of upper cervical care, we strive to improve nervous system function as a means to better the health of children.

  1. Tobin A. Latent spinal cord and brain stem injury in newborn infants. Develp. Med. Child. Neurol. 1969;11, 54-68
  2. Coote, J. Somatic Sources of Afferent Input as Factors in Aberrant Autonomic, Sensory, and Motor Function. In: Korr, I., ed. The Neurobiologic Mechanisms in Manipulative Therapy. New York: Plenum, 1978:91-127.
  3. Denslow, J., Korr, I., Krems, A. Quantitative Studies of Chronic Facilitation in Human Motorneuron Pools. Am J Physiol 1987;150:229-238
  4. Korr, I. Proprioceptors and the Behavior of Lesioned Segments. In: Stark, E. ed. Osteopathic Medicine. Acton, Mass.: Publication Sciences Group, 1975:183-199.
  5. Sato, A. The somatosympathetic reflexes: their physiological and clinical significance. In: Golstein M, ed. The research status of Spinal Manipulative Therapy. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office 1975: 163-172.
  6. Sato A, Schmidt RF. Somatosympatheitc reflexes: afferent fibers, central pathways, discharge characteristics. Phys Review 1973; 53:916-947.
  7. Kiyomi K. Autonomic system reactions caused by excitation of somatic afferents: study of cutaneo-intestinal reflex. In: Korr IM, ed. The neurobiological mechanisms in manipulative therapy. New York: Plenum 1978:219-227.
  8. Wick, G., et al. Immunoendocrine Communication via The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Autoimmune Diseases. Endocrine Reviews. 14:539-563, October 1993.
  9. Black, P. Immune System - Central Nervous System Interactions: Effect and Immunomodulatory Consequences of Immune System Mediators on The Brain. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 38:7-12, January 1994.
  10. Ader, R., Cohen, N., Felten, D. Psychoneuroimmunology: Interactions Between The Nervous System and The Immune System. Lancet 345:99-103, January 14, 1996.
  11. Denckla WD. Interactions between age and the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Fed Proc 1978;37:1263-1267
  12. Van Dijk H, Jacobse-Geels H. Evidence for the involvement of corticosterone in the ontology of the cellular immune apparatus of the mouse. Immunology 1978;35:637-642
  13. Settipane GA, Pudupakkam RK, McGowan JH. Corticosteroid effect on immunoglobins. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1978;62:162-166.
  14. Korr IM. Sustained sympathecotonia as a factor in disease. In: Korr IM, ed. The neurobiological mechanisms in manipulative therapy. New York: Plenum, 1978 229-268.
  15. Sato A. The somatosympathetic reflexes: their physiologic and clinical significance. In: Goldstein M, ed. The research status of spinal manipulative therapy. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1975:163-172.
  16. Kiyomi K. Autonomic system reactions caused by the excitation of somatic afferents: study of cutaneo-intestinal reflex. In: Korr IM, ed. The neurobiologic mechanisms in manipulative therapy. New York: Plenum, 1978:219-227.
  17. Klougart N, Nilsson N, Jacobsen J. Infantile colic treated by chiropractors: a prospective study of 316 cases. JMPT 1989;21:281-288.
  18. Nilsson N. Infantile colic and chiropractic. Eur Jour Chiro 1985;33:264-265.
  19. Bolton PS. Torticollis: a review of etiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. JMPT 1985;8:29-32
  20. Sloop PR, Smith DS, Boldenberg SRN, Dore C. Manipulation for chronic neck pain: a double blind controlled study. Spine 1982;7:617-628.
  21. Arkuszewski Z. The involvement of the cervical spine in back pain. Manual Medicine 1986;2:126-128.
  22. Giles LGF. The anatomical basis of low back pain. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1989:58-64.
  23. Rosenblum, WI. Cerebral Microcirculation: A Review Emphasizing The Interrelationship of Local Blood Flow and Neuronal Function. Angiology 1965; 16: 485.
  24. Krog, J. Autonomic Nervous Control of The Cerebral Blood Flow in Man. J. Oslo. City Hosp. 1964; 14: p. 25.
  25. Kobayashi, S., Waltz, A. G., Rhoton, A. L. Effects of Stimulation of Cervical Sympathetic Nerves on Cortical Blood Flow and Vascular Reactivity. Neurology 1971; 21: pp. 297-302.
  26. Meyer, J. S., Yoshida, K., Sakamoto, D. Autonomic Control of Cerebral Blood Flow Measured by Electromagnetic Flow Meters. Neurology 1967; 17: pp. 638-648.
  27. De La Torre, J. C., Surgeon, J. W., Walker, R. H. Effects of Locus Ceruleus Stimulation on Cerebral Blood Flow in Selected Brain Regions. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 1977; 64, 56: pp. 104-105.
  28. Heiss, W., Hayakawa, T., Waltz, A., Cortical Neuronal Function During Ischeamia. Arch Neurol 1976;33:813-20
  29. Astrup, J., Siesjo, B., Symon, L. Thresholds in Cerebral Ischemia -- The Ischemic Penumbra. Stroke 1981;12:723-5
  30. Roski, R., Spetzler, R., Owen, M., et al. Reversal of Seven Year Old Visual Field Defect with Extracranial-Intracranial Anastomosis. Surg Neurol 1978;10:267-8
  31. Mathew, R., Meyer, J., et al. Cerebral Blood Flow in Depression. Lancet 1980;1(818):1308
  32. Mathew, R., Weinmann, M., Barr, D. Personality and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow. Br J Psychiatry 1984;144:529-32.
  33. Coote, J. Somatic Sources of Afferent Input as Factors in Aberrant Autonomic, Sensory, and Motor Function. In: Korr, I., ed. The Neurobiologic Mechanisms in Manipulative Therapy. New York: Plenum, 1978:91-127.
  34. Denslow, J., Korr, I., Krems, A. Quantitative Studies of Chronic Facilitation in Human Motorneuron Pools. Am J Physiol 1987;150:229-238
  35. Korr, I. Proprioceptors and the Behavior of Lesioned Segments. In: Stark, E. ed. Osteopathic Medicine. Acton, Mass.: Publication Sciences Group, 1975:183-199.
  36. Sato, A. The somatosympathetic reflexes: their pysiological and clinical significance. In: Golstein M, ed. The research status of Spinal Manipulative Therapy. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office 1975: 163-172.
  37. Sato A, Schmidt RF. Somatosympatheitc reflexes: afferent fibers, central pathways, discharge characteristics. Phys Review 1973;53:916-947.
  38. Selye H, Heuser G eds. Fifth annual report on stress. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956: 25-63.
  39. Selye H. Stresss and disease. New York: McGraw-Hill,1956.